أفعال مركّبيّة
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| bow down before [sb] vi phrasal + prep | literal (bow in deference to) | ينحني أمام شخص |
| | (لشخص) | يسجد لشخص |
| | It is customary to bow down before the Emperor of Japan. |
| bow down before [sb] vi phrasal + prep | figurative (show deference to) (مجازي) | ينحني أمامه |
| | He is so arrogant that he thinks everyone should bow down before him. |
bring [sb] before [sb],
bring [sth] before [sb] vtr phrasal sep | (take to: court) (أمام القضاء) | يجلب شخصًا، يُحضر شخصًا، يجعل شخصًا يمثُل |
| | The Senator was brought before the High Court on charges of racketeering. |
| come before [sth] vtr phrasal insep | formal (appear in court) | يمثل أمام شيء |
| | The defendant came before the court for sentencing. |
| come before [sb] vtr phrasal insep | formal (appear before: magistrate, judge, etc.) | يمثل أمام شخص |
| | Miller came before the judge two months after pleading guilty to assault. |
| kneel before [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep | (genuflect to: as a sign of respect) (ينحني احترامًا له) | يركع أمام شخص/شيء |
| | You must kneel before the king. |
| | لابد أن تنحني أمام الملك. |
صيغ مركبة:
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BCE,
B.C.E. adv | initialism (Before the Common Era) | ق.م، قبل الميلاد |
| | Julius Caesar was born in the year 100 BCE. |
| before an audience adv | (in front of people) | أمام جمهور |
| | I hate speaking before an audience; I get stage fright and stammer over my words. |
| before its time adv | (prematurely) | قبل أوانه |
| | The baby was born before its time. |
| before its time adv | (precociously) | قبل أوانه، قبل الوقت المناسب |
| | Parents should not try to force a child to walk before its time. |
| before long adv | (soon) | سريعًا، قريبًا |
| | Spring should be coming before long. |
| before noon adv | (in advance of midday) | قبل منتصف النهار |
| | I'll take my walk before noon so I'll be home in time for lunch. |
| | I hope you can arrive before noon. |
| before now adv | (previously) | سابقًا، من قبل |
| | Before now, I had never really been in love! |
| before tax adv | (before tax is paid) (قبل حسم الضرائب) | قبل الضريبة |
| before that adv | (prior to a given occasion) | قبل ذلك، من قبل |
| | I started wearing glasses a couple of years ago; before that I wore contact lenses for 40 years. |
| | لقد بدأت في ارتداء النظارة منذ عامين، ولكن قبل ذلك كنت ارتدي عدسات لاصقة لمدة 40 عام. |
| Before the Common Era expr | (Before Christ: non-Christian equivalent) | قبل الميلاد |
| before the court adv | (in front of a tribunal) | أمام المحكمة |
| | I'm going to testify before the court on Wednesday. |
| before the fact adv | (beforehand) | استباقًا |
| | By acting before the fact, a company can save time and money by anticipating problems. |
| before the Flood adv | figurative (long ago) | في الماضي البعيد، قبل الطوفان |
| before the judge adv | (in court) | أمام القاضي، في المحكمة |
| before the judge adv | (in front of a magistrate) | أمام القاضي للبت في الحكم |
| before you know it expr | informal (rapidly, soon) | قريباً، بسرعة |
| | Christmas will be here before you know it. |
| | سيأتي الكريسماس قريباً. |
before your eyes,
right before your eyes,
before your very eyes adv | (right in front of you) | على مرأى منه، أمام ناظرَيه، أمام عينَيه |
| | His father was murdered right before his eyes. |
| | قُتل والده أمام عينَيه. |
| before your time adv | informal (before your birth) | قبل ولادته |
| | I remember the day President Kennedy was shot - but that's before your time. |
| before your time adv | informal (before your involvement) | قبل عمله هنا |
| | (في بعض المناطق) | قبل أيامه |
| | He used to be Managing Director here, but that was a few years before your time. |
| before-tax adj | (profits, etc.: before tax is paid) | قبل الضريبة، قبل اقتطاع الضريبة |
| best before [sth] adj + prep | (food: fresh until a specified date) | صالح للاستعمال قبل شيء |
| | Milk is best before the expiration date. |
| best before expr | (warning on food packaging) | صالح للاستعمال |
| | The label on the tin says, "Best before 09.09.2018". |
| best-before date n | (expiration) | تاريخ انتهاء الصلاحية |
Blood is thicker than water,
Blood before water expr | figurative (family relationships are strongest) (العلاقات العائلية تبقى الأقوى) | الدم لا يصير ماءً |
| | Neil will always support his brother's position on this matter because blood is thicker than water. |
| calm before the storm n | figurative (quiet period before [sth] turbulent) | هدوء ما قبل العاصفة |
| | Mary's much too quiet. I fear it's the calm before the storm. |
cast pearls before swine,
cast your pearls before swine v expr | figurative (squander [sth] on [sb] who does not value it) (مجازي) | يرمي درره أمام الخنازير |
| | | يعطي أشياء قيّمة لمن لا يقدِّرها |
| come before [sth] vi + prep | (precede) | يسبق |
| | The number 2 comes before 3, and 4 comes before 5. |
| come before [sth] vi + prep | figurative (be more important than) | يتقدّم على |
| | The welfare of my family comes before anything else. |
count your chickens,
count your chickens before they are hatched expr | figurative (rely on [sth] prematurely) | يبيع سمكًا في البحر |
| ملاحظة: Often used with a negative, as a caution: "Don't count your chickens before they are hatched". |
dangle [sth] in front of [sb],
dangle [sth] before [sb] vtr + prep | figurative, informal (offer as incentive) | يغري شخصًا بشيء |
| | Dangle a raise in front of him and see what happens. |
| | The boss dangled extra overtime pay before the employees for working on the holiday. |
| | أَغْرِهِ بعلاوة، وانظر ما سيحدث. // أغرى المديرُ الموظفين بأجر وقت إضافي ليعملوا خلال العطلة. |
| day before n | (previous day) | أمس، البارحة |
| ever before adv | (at any point previously) | أي وقت مضى |
| | Women are choosing to stay single more than ever before. |
| go before [sth/sb] vi + prep | (precede) | يتقدّم شيئًا/شخصًا |
| | The travel guides go before the tourist group. |
| go before vi + adv | (exist or happen previously) | وُجد قبلاً |
| | This discovery eclipses everything that has gone before. |
| go before the bar v expr | (appear in court) | يمثل أمام القضاء |
| | The prosecutor in the Smith case will go before the bar on ethics charges. |
| just before prep | (a moment prior to) | مباشرةً قبل، قُبيل |
| | I like to have a hot bath just before I go to bed. |
| look before you leap interj | figurative (be aware of the risks involved in [sth]) | فكّر قبل أن تقدم على الخطوة |
| | Thinking of investing in a new business? Look before you leap! |
| old before your time adj | (seeming older than actual age) | يبدو أكبر من عمره |
| once before adv | (on one previous occasion) | في مرة سابقة |
| Pride comes before a fall expr | (it is unwise to be arrogant) | "قبل السقوط تشامُخ الروح"، المتشامخ سيسقط حتمًا |
| Profit Before Tax n | (amount made prior to paying taxes) | الربح قبل اقتطاع الضريبة |
| put [sth/sb] before [sth/sb] vtr + prep | (prioritize more highly than) | يعطي الأولوية لشيء/لشخص على شيء/شخص |
| | | يضع شيئًا/شخصًا قبل شيء/شخص |
| | I will always put my children's welfare before my own desires. |
| put the cart before the horse v expr | figurative (act prematurely) | يضع العربة أمام الحصان، أمر سابق لأوانه |
| | Sara insisted that having sex before marriage was like putting the cart before the horse. |
| right before prep | (just prior to) | قبل... مباشرة |
| | | قُبيل |
| | I'll see you right before the big meeting. |
| set [sth] before [sb] vtr + prep | (place in front of) | يضع شيئًا أمام شخص |
| ملاحظة: Often used in the passive. |
| | At about 3 months, a baby begins to focus its eyes on objects set before him. |
| | He set the plate of cookies before his mother. |
| shortly before adv | (just before) | قُبيل، قبل... مباشرةً |
| the day before n | (a day earlier, the previous day) | اليوم السابق |
| the day before adv | (a day earlier, on the previous day) | في اليوم السابق |
| the day before yesterday n | (two days ago) | أول البارحة |
| | The day before yesterday was my birthday. |
| the day before yesterday adv | (two days ago) | أول البارحة |
| | I haven't seen him since the day before yesterday. |
| the night before n | (previous night or evening) | الليلة الماضية، الليلة السابقة، الليلة الفائتة |
| the night before adv | (on the previous night or evening) | في الليلة الماضية، في الليلة السابقة، في الليلة الفائتة |
| the week before n | (the previous week) | الأسبوع الفائت |
| the week before last n | (the week prior to last week) | قبل أسبوعين |
| the week before last adv | (in the week prior to last week) | قبل أسبوعين |
think twice about doing [sth],
think twice before doing [sth],
think twice before you do [sth] v expr | (reconsider prior to doing [sth]) | يفكّر جيدًا قبل فعل شيء |
| | You should think twice about giving up a steady job to start a PhD. |
| | I'd advise you to think twice before you accept this man's proposal; you've only just met him! |
| two days before prep | (two days prior to) | قبل يومين من |
| | Unfortunately, the hurricane struck two days before their wedding. |
| two days before adv | (two days earlier) | قبل يومين |
| | I was waiting for her when she arrived, having got there two days before. |